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Chapter 1

The Least You Need to Know about

HTML, CSS, and the Web

In This Chapter

▶ Creating HTML in text files

▶ Serving and browsing Web pages

▶ Understanding links and URLs

▶ Understanding basic HTML syntax

▶ Understanding basic CSS

elcome to the wonderful world of the Web, (X)HTML, and CSS. With

just a little knowledge, some practice, and something to say, you can

build your own little piece of cyberspace or improve on existing work.

You’ll notice we use (X)HTML throughout this book. This is an acronym we

made up to stand for “either HTML or XHTML,” where HTML is Hypertext

Markup Language, and XHTML is Extensible Hypertext Markup Language.

Although HTML and XHTML aren’t exactly identical, they’re enough like each

other for this reference to make sense.

This book is your down-and-dirty guide to understanding Web documents,

sprucing up an existing page, or creating complex and exciting pages that

integrate intricate designs, multimedia, and scripting.

The best way to start working with HTML is to jump right in, so that’s what

this chapter does: It brings you up to speed on the basics of how (X)HTML

and CSS work behind the scenes inside Web pages, introducing you to their

underlying building blocks. When you’re done with this chapter, you’ll know

how (X)HTML and CSS work so you can start creating or editing Web pages

right away.

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Pagina 1

Chapter 1The Least You Need to Know about HTML, CSS, and the WebIn This Chapter▶ Creating HTML in text files▶ Serving and browsing Web pages▶ Understa

Pagina 2 - Hypertext

18Part I: Getting to Know (X)HTML and CSS Markup color-codingAs we present HTML, XHTML, and CSS information in our code samples, we use color-coding t

Pagina 3

19 Chapter 1: The Least You Need to Know about HTML, CSS, and the WebTag pairsElements that describe content use a tag pair to mark the beginning and

Pagina 4

20Part I: Getting to Know (X)HTML and CSS This space allows older browsers to ignore the closing slash (because they don’t know about XHTML). Newer br

Pagina 5 - Browsers

21 Chapter 1: The Least You Need to Know about HTML, CSS, and the WebAttributesAttributes allow variety in how an element describes content or works.

Pagina 6 - A bevy of browsers

22Part I: Getting to Know (X)HTML and CSS EntitiesText makes the Web possible, but it has limitations. Entities are special char-acters that you can d

Pagina 7 - Anatomy of a URL

23 Chapter 1: The Least You Need to Know about HTML, CSS, and the Web</style><title>Ed auf Deutsch</title></head><body>&

Pagina 8 - (X)HTML’s Component Parts

24Part I: Getting to Know (X)HTML and CSS The < and > signs are used in markup, but these symbols are instructions to the browser and won’t sho

Pagina 9 - Syntax and rules

25 Chapter 1: The Least You Need to Know about HTML, CSS, and the Web<title>Welcome to Ed Tittel.com</title> <!-- The text in the title

Pagina 10 - Elements

26Part I: Getting to Know (X)HTML and CSS Document headingsHeadings (denoted using elements h1 through h6) are different from the HTML document head.

Pagina 11 - Single tags

27 Chapter 1: The Least You Need to Know about HTML, CSS, and the Webfont selection, use of color for text and backgrounds, positioning of text and ot

Pagina 12

10Part I: Getting to Know (X)HTML and CSS Web Pages in Their Natural HabitatWeb pages can accommodate many kinds of content, such as text, graphics, f

Pagina 13 - Attributes

28Part I: Getting to Know (X)HTML and CSS Listing 1-1: Meet an Author!Listing 1-1 is reproduced in its entirety here, color-coded to distinguish the v

Pagina 14 - Entities

29 Chapter 1: The Least You Need to Know about HTML, CSS, and the Weba:link { font-weight : bold; text-decoration : none; color: #FF7A00; backgrou

Pagina 15 - Tag characters

30Part I: Getting to Know (X)HTML and CSS Listing 1-1 (continued)  <h1>Contact:</h1> <!-- List --

Pagina 16

11 Chapter 1: The Least You Need to Know about HTML, CSS, and the Web Steer clear of word processors like WordPad or Microsoft Word when creat-ing HT

Pagina 17 - Organizing HTML text

12Part I: Getting to Know (X)HTML and CSS Markup lives in a text file (with your content) to give orders to a browser. For example, look at the page s

Pagina 18

13 Chapter 1: The Least You Need to Know about HTML, CSS, and the WebThe browser knows to display these components of the page in specific ways thanks

Pagina 19 - Links and navigation tools

14Part I: Getting to Know (X)HTML and CSS Web serversYour HTML pages aren’t much good if you can’t share them with the world. Web servers make that po

Pagina 20 - Listing 1-1: Meet an Author!

15 Chapter 1: The Least You Need to Know about HTML, CSS, and the Webhosts for your Web site with a little effort. Free Web Hosts maintains a list of

Pagina 21

16Part I: Getting to Know (X)HTML and CSS Each URL component helps define the location of a Web page or resource: ✓ Protocol: Specifies the protocol t

Pagina 22 - (continued)

17 Chapter 1: The Least You Need to Know about HTML, CSS, and the WebWhen you put an X in front of HTML to get XHTML, you get a new, improved version

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